Transplant drug monitoring: a tiered site network

Immunosuppressant drug-level assays · transplant specimen collection · 244 subjects, 7 sites


The challenge the client gave us

The client makes assays for the immunosuppressant drug levels that transplant patients manage for life (tacrolimus, cyclosporine, sirolimus, everolimus, and mycophenolic acid). They needed specimens spanning five drugs across heart, liver, and kidney recipients — with tacrolimus split further into peak and trough draws.

The catch: it's a matrix of drug × organ sub-cohorts, each behaving like its own sub-study, and the samples demand draw-time precision, the right tube type per drug, and cold chain held from the moment of collection.

At a glance

Subjects enrolled244 (by 1 May 2026)
Sites active7 U.S. transplant centers
IRB submission → clearance15 days
Collection I close218 subjects (Mar 2026)
Collection II target added+350 subjects (Apr 2026)

Timeline

  • 15 Jul 2025 IRB filed
  • 30 Jul 2025 IRB cleared (15 days)
  • Aug 2025 First site initiations (+18)
  • Nov 2025 192 enrolled
  • Mar 2026 Collection I closes (218)
  • 3 Apr 2026 Collection II opens
  • Apr 2026 EDC goes live
  • May 2026 Two more sites (H and I) initiated
  • 1 May 2026 244 enrolled
0 200 400 600 CUMULATIVE ENROLLMENT (n) Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Calendar month, Aug 2025 – May 2026 COLL. I + II TARGET · 568 COLL. I · 218 244 · 1 MAY 2026 COLLECTION II 3 Apr 2026 forecast
Fig. 1 Cumulative enrollment, August 2025 through 1 May 2026. The grey dashed lines mark the Collection I target (218) and the Collection I + II combined target (568, added 3 April 2026). The plateau Dec 2025 – Mar 2026 reflects the wind-down of Collection I cohorts at the lead sites; the inflection in April 2026 is the first month of Collection II enrollment. Source: Diagnostica™ (FY2025/FY2026) filtered on study; sponsor bi-weekly project-update reports (Aug 2025 – 1 May 2026).
SITE CONTRIBUTION (n) 94 52 40 24 23 9 2 activating Site A Site B Site C Site D Site E Site F Site G Site H / Site I Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 2 Tier 2 Tier 3 0 25 50 75 100
Fig. 2 Site contribution at 1 May 2026 across the seven active sites, with tiers indicated. The four Tier-1 lead transplant centers (Site A, Site B, Site C, Site D) account for 210 of 244 enrollments (~89%); Tier-2 sites contribute 34. Tier-3 sites (Site H, Site I) are activating in May 2026 and will carry the bulk of Collection II enrollment along with the four lead sites. Source: Diagnostica™ at 1 May 2026.

What we did as a CRO

CRO responsibilityWhat RDI did on this study
Regulatory & study start-upFiled and cleared IRB in 15 days; added Collection II scope in April 2026
Site selection & feasibilityBuilt a tiered network: academic transplant centers to carry volume, community sites to fill the specific drug/organ cohorts the academics couldn't reach
Site activation & trainingPhased SIVs from Aug 2025; two additional sites (H, I) initiated May 2026
Recruitment & enrollmentEnrolled against a drug × organ matrix, with peak/trough draw timing for tacrolimus treated as distinct sub-cohorts
Kits, samples & labEnforced tube-type discipline per drug (whole blood for cyclosporine/tacrolimus, serum for mycophenolic acid) and cold chain held from draw for assay-grade integrity
Monitoring & dataMigrated the study onto an EDC (live Apr 2026); central monitoring
Project management & close-outClosed Collection I at 218 and opened Collection II (+350 target) without a gap in the site network

What made it hard

  • It's a matrix, not a cohort. Five drugs × three organ groups (plus peak/trough for tacrolimus) means each combination is effectively its own sub-study, with its own target and its own eligible patients.
  • Sites aren't interchangeable. A center strong in kidney tacrolimus may have no liver everolimus patients — so no single network covers the whole matrix.
  • The samples are unforgiving. These assays need exact draw timing, the correct tube per drug, and cold chain from the moment of collection.

How we solved it

  • We built a tiered site network: academic transplant centers to drive volume, plus community sites deliberately added to fill the drug/organ cohorts the academics couldn't supply.
  • We treated each drug × organ combination as its own sub-study with its own target, rather than one big enrollment number.
  • We standardized specimen discipline (tube type per drug, draw timing, cold chain) and moved the study onto an EDC to keep data clean as scope grew.

The result

244 subjects across seven transplant centers; Collection I closed at 218, and Collection II opened immediately with a +350-subject target — the client expanded the program rather than pausing it.

Source: Diagnostica™ and sponsor project updates at 1 May 2026. Sponsor identity withheld; site labels anonymized. Operations report, not a clinical-results publication.

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Transplant drug monitoring: a tiered site network · RDI Trials — RDI